Stochastic differential equations (SDEs) are at the heart of modern financial modelling, providing a framework that accommodates the inherent randomness observed in financial markets. These equations ...

Function spaces form a fundamental framework in modern mathematical analysis, allowing researchers to systematically study functions through norms, metrics and topological properties. Asymptotic ...

In the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows, a set of customers are served by a fleet of vehicles of limited capacity, initially located at a central depot. Each customer provides a period of ...